Skip to main content

Table 8 NHMRC Levels of Evidence

From: The Australian experiment: the use of evidence based medicine for the reimbursement of surgical and diagnostic procedures (1998–2004)

Level

Study design

I

Evidence obtained from a systematic review of all relevant randomised controlled trials.

II

Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomised controlled trial.

III-1

Evidence obtained from well-designed pseudo-randomised controlled trials (alternate allocation or some other method.

III-2

Evidence obtained from comparative studies (including systematic reviews of such studies) with concurrent controls and allocation not randomised, cohort studies, case-control studies, or interrupted time series with a control group.

III-3

Evidence obtained from comparative studies with historical control, two or more single-arm studies, or interrupted time series without a parallel control group.

IV

Evidence obtained from case series, either post-test or pre-test/post-test.

  1. Source: MSAC Reviews http://www7.health.gov.au/msac/msacapps.htm. Accessed 6th Jan'06